In this tutorial I`m gonna show you how to create a piece of metal with a graved text on it.

Along the way I`ll show you how to create effects like Metal Effect,Inner Graved Text Effect or Mirror Reflection Effect in Photoshop.We`ll use two custom elements:a Custom Font and an original Grunge Brush Set.

Check it Out!

Materials needed:

Metal Lord Font by Larabie Fonts

Grunge Brushes by DarkRose

First Step:Creating a New Document

Open Photoshop and create a New Document of 600×400px.

Step 2:Background Gradient

Now add a sleek black to black gradient for the background,with the next settings:

Step 3:Creating the Metal Piece

Grab the Rounded Rectangle Tool(U),set the radius to 15px and draw a rectangle of 370×240px.

Now add the next blending options:

A black Outer Glow with the size of 3px and the opacity of 20%.Be sure to have the blend mode to Multiply,like in the image.

Bevel and Emboss with the next settings:Depth:320%,Size:2px,Soften:0px.

And the hard part,the Gradient Overlay.Apply the settings from the next image to obtain the same result.

This is how the image looks after applying the set of blending options.

Step 4:Creating the Text

Now I want to show you how to create a beautiful inner text effect.For this,download the Metal Lord Font by Larabie Fonts from the top list and type in some words with the font-size of 68px.I wrote “OurTuts”.

Step 5:Blending Options for the Typography

After typing in some words,add the next blending options:

We`ve just obtained a nice metal graved text effect:

Step 6:Adding 4 holes in the corners:

Grab the Ellipse Tool and draw a small circle in one of the corners.

Now add the next blending options to create an inner effect too.

Now,the small circle truly looks like a hole.

Duplicate the Hole Layer and put one in the rest of the corners.

Step 7:Making the Metal Piece a lil bit Grunge:

Firstly,download the Grunge Brush Set from the top-list.Secondly,create a new layer just above the metal piece layer.Then,Ctrl+Click on the Metal Screen Layer to reveal its selection.Now click on the new layer that you`ve just create and paint inside the selection with some grunge brushes from the set.Are you wondering why we must paint inside the selection?The answer is simple:because we want to paint only inside and not outside.

My image after painting looks like this one:

Last Step:Adding a mirror reflection of the Metal Piece:

A last effect that I want to show you is the mirror reflection effect in Photoshop.For this,you have to select all the layers created till now,without the background,and duplicate them.After,merge them in one layer(Ctrl+E).Then flip the layer Vertical by going to Edit->Transform->Flip Vertical and put it under the initial metal piece.

Now,add a Layer Mask for this new layer by going to Layer->Layer Mask->Reveal All.

Now grab the Gradient Tool(G) set a gradient from black to white and paint inside the layer mask like in the image:

You may low a little bit the opacity of the layer for a better mirror reflection effect.

After applying this step you`re done.This is how the final result should looks:

That was all,my friends! See you next time for another tutorial! source:ourtuts.com

Related Resources:

• Photoshop Tutorial | Textures and Blend modes
• PHP LiveX – Enrich your applications with ultimate php-js interaction
• Setting Focus to an ASP.NET Control – Set Focus After PostBack – After Submit – on Page Load in ASP.NET 1.x
• Fresh and High Quality Texture Resources Sets and Collections
• Vector Silhouettes of Dancing Girls

The regex syntax used commonly today is compliant with Extended Regular Expressions (EREs) defined in IEEE POSIX 1003.2 (Section 2.8). EREs are supported by Apache, PHP4+, Javascript 1.3+, MS Visual Studio, MS Frontpage, most visual editors, vi, emac, the GNU family of tools (including grep, awk and sed) as well as many others. Extended Regular Expressions (EREs) will support Basic Regular Expressions (BREs are essentially a subset of EREs). The BRE syntax is considered obsolete and is only still around to preserve backward compatibility.

I believe mastering at least the most basic elements of regex is essential for any programmer. Further I know that having direct access to references, examples, ready to use patterns etc. is essential to speed up your work.

This is a toolbox for getting started and/or becoming more serious about regex. It provides details on commonly needed regexs that you can just pick up and use right away. Lets get started!

Regex – Getting started

Regular expressions consist of constants and operators that denote sets of strings and operations over these sets, respectively. Regular expressions are unmatched when it comes to crunching text. The formal definition of regular expressions is purposely very compact and avoids redundancy by using Quantifiers. fx. * = 0 or more and + = 1 or more. This means that you can use a+ to match “a”, “aa”, “aaaaaaa” and so on. If you want to match a or b or c you can use the syntax [abc] where the [ ] means that one of the characters between the brackets will be matched. Applying [abc] to tripwiremagazine.com will match the two ‘a’s and the ‘c’ but as separate results. Using [a-z] will match all letters except the dot but still as separate results ‘t’, ‘r’, ‘i’….. Adding a + like this [a-z]+will match all letters as one result until the dot is reached. Results will be tripwiremagazine and com. Any character used in a regex will match itself in the text input except for the following literals: .|*?+(){}[]^$\. These characters will match themselves when preceded by a \.

Regular Expressions rely on an regex engine and as usual in the software world, different regular expression engines are not fully compatible with each other. (Find more details on regex engines here: Comparison of Regular Expression Engines) Having said that most regular expressions are portable of you try not to use custom extensions found in some engines. If porting a regex you should always test it carefully before taking it into serious use. This is also a ground rule if you copy an expression from the Internet. Even though it looks good at first look don’t trust it to do exactly what you need. Test is important and very simple with one of the tools you will find below.

So where are Regular Expressions useful? Common uses of are:

• Input validation, like validating an e-mail address or an url in a html form before it is submitted.
• url matching in web servers, fx Apache .htaccess.
• Syntax highlighting in editors
• Grabbing HTML Tags
• Trimming Whitespace
• Matching Valid Dates
• Pulling out code for the first image in a html page, used on some blogs to add an image to archive lists
• Track down a killer, joke…

Regular expressions is really about knowing what syntax to use and there are many details to memorise. I would recommend that you get yourself a cheat sheet. In my opinion a good cheat sheet is essentials and I personally recommend the one Added Bytes provide for free.

I also recommend that you take a look at these references if you’re new to regex or just need more details and examples on specific uses of regex. Regular Expression Reference, Regular Expressions – User guide and Regular Expression Tutorial. And if you’re serious about this and want to put in some more time check the articles, tutorials and screen-casts below.

Besides having a good cheat sheet and introductions and reference charts it is a really good idea to just try it out and get a feeling of how it works. You need some text to apply you regex on – could be an email address or whatever you like. If you’re ready to see regex in action before going on just follow the link here. It will direct you to a very useful flash based tool showing in “real time” what a specific regex match on a piece of text.

Try copying in this rather simplified e-mail matching regex: ([w-.]+)@((?:[w]+.)+)([a-zA-Z]{2,4})

You could but should not use this script in your production code but use the one provided later in the article. This one is still good as an example on matching complex patterns. Let us pull it apart to see what it does and consists of. There are 3 groups matching different parts of an e-mail.

Worth knowing regular expressions

Matching a username

When building a user management system you typically want to limit usernames to a restricted format.

Without regular expressions, this would be a tedious exercise that would involve splitting the string into it’s component characters and examining each one individually. With regular expressions, it’s as simple as it gets. First, let’s define what is allowed:

1. Alphanumeric characters (letters and numbers)
2. The underscore character (_)
3. Enforce a 3 character minimum and a 14 character maximum length.

Here’s the regular expression matching our criteria. It should be fairly simple to adapt it to your own specific needs.

/[a-zA-Z0-9_]{3,14}/

Matching e-mail addresses

Regex for matching an e-mail address is one of the most discussed regex subjects I think. It is not simple if at all possible to build a regex that ensures 100% of e-mail addresses to be matched. Still it is possible to get very close to 100% and there are many opinions on how to do it. A really good resource for understanding the complexity of e-mail address matching can be found here. This is where the following regex is found:

[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*@(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?

Regular Expression Matching a Valid Date

Date formats can be hard to get under control. There are so many ways a date can be formatted and what to be used tends to depend on personal preference and where you are from. Regex can of cause be used to validate dates but it is not a magic bullet. Any date format requires its own unique regwx. Here is a few examples that you can use and extend to fit your needs. You should be aware that this is not a calendar component and exception leap years will not be handled.

For yyyy-mm-dd or yyyy/mm/dd use:

(19|20)\d\d([- /.])(0[1-9]|1[012])\2(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])

For mm-dd-yyyy or mm/dd/yyyy use:

(0[1-9]|1[012])[- /.](0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])[- /.](19|20)\d\d

For dd-mm-yyyy or dd/mm/yyyy use:

(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])[- /.](0[1-9]|1[012])[- /.](19|20)\d\d

More details on matching date with regex can be found here.

Matching Time

Just as for dates time formats are not always the same but it is not as hard to match a valid time as it is to match a valid date. This regex is a bit open ended as it matches different time formats. If you need to limit input fx. in a form to only match 24 h format this regex is not a match.

^((0?[1-9]|1[012])(:[0-5]\d){0,2}(\ [AP]M))$|^([01]\d|2[0-3])(:[0-5]\d){0,2}$

Matching an IP Address (by Sean Schricker)

Checking for a valid IP-Address is useful but can be done in many ways. Here is a very compact one.

\b(([01]?\d?\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}([01]?\d?\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\b

Matching Whole Lines of Text

When matching a set of characters on a line only the matched pattern is returned. If you’re looking for the existence of xyz all instances of xyz will be returned (if global flag is on / otherwise it is the first instance). If you want the whole line where a match has been found returned you can do that really simple.By using the wilcard “.” and the * before and after the pattern to be matched. ^ and $ match the beginning and the end of a string.If you want to dig even deeper into this subject you can find more details here.

Matching Numeric Ranges with a Regular Expression

Because regular expressions deal with text and don’t handle numbers systems, matching numbers in a specific range isn’t as simple as you may think. The regex [0-255] wont match a number between 0 and 255. A regular expression engine treats “0″ as a single character, and “255″ as three characters. To match all characters from 0 to 255, you will need a regex that matches between one and three characters. Matching 0-9 is simple and can be achieved with [0-9]. The same is true or 10-99 being matched by the regex [1-9][0-9]. If you continue this way by defining the regex for the number ranges you will soon get there.

This is the regex that does the job:

[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]

You may want to use word boundaries “\b…\b” or anchors “^…$” to defines the context of the search. This fx. could be used to avoid 123 and 234 to be matched in 123456.

Matching a phone number (by James Burton)

Validating phone numbers is often required. It is not possible to know if a phone number that has a valid format really is the right number. But getting rid of completely wrong inputs or helping users that made a typo is is the aim here. This regex support international country codes.

^(\(?\+?[0-9]*\)?)?[0-9_\- \(\)]*$

Find html page title

This regex will find the text within the <title> and </title> tags of a html page.

<title>(.*)</title>

Matching an XHTML/XML tag

Matching an XML or XHTML tag can be extremely useful if you’re scraping a website for data, or trying to quickly extract information from an XML document. This regex can do just that if you replace the “tag” with the tag you’re searching for fx. input or form.

<tag[^>]*>(.*?)</tag>

Matching an XHTML/XML tag with a certain attribute value

Extending the previous regex a little lets you match only tags with a specific attribute value. This is fx. great to pull out all instances of a <div> with a specific css class. Replance tag, attribute and value as illustrated in the example below.

<tag[^>]*attribute\s*=\s*(['\"])value\1[^>]*>(.*?)</tag>

Get more ready to use regular expressions:

Regular Expressions That Are Often Needed in Practice
Dozens of useful regex-patterns that are often used in programming of web-applications.

RegExLib.com
The Internet’s first regular expression library. Complete with 2,511 expressions from over 1,500 contributors. You can search and find nearly any pattern matching snippet that you might need for a web project.

Tutorials and screen-casts

Screen-casts

Regular Expressions for Dummies
An introductory screencast with a quiz at the end to see what you’ve learned.

Regex for Dummies: Day 2
Build off of the first ThemeForest screencast by learning about matching.

Learning Regular Expressions (Video Tutorial and Cheatsheet)
A screencast with emphasis on how to use regex with E Text Editor.

A Crash-Course In Regular Expressions
An introductory crash-course by Jeffrey Way. A little bit outdated, but still useful tutorial that shows how to use regular expressions to check if an e-mail is valid or not. “To a novice web developer, regular expressions look like the most scary thing on the planet. Who could possibly dismantle such a block of code and decipher its meaning? Luckily, its bark is much worse than its bite. You’ll quickly find that regular expressions are rather straight-forward and easy to understand – once you learn the syntax.”

Regular expressions (the series)
A 5-part series on the basics of regular expressions.

Articles

The Absolute Bare-Minimum Every Programmer Should Know About Regular Expressions
A simple and direct article that outline some of the main “characters” in regular expressions.

MSDN’s Introduction to Regular Expressions (Scripting)
These sections introduce the concept of regular expressions and explain how to create and use them.

Demystifying Regular Expressions
In this article a simple usage of regular expressions is described. Its intention is to bring users to try the most powerful search and replace paradigm available and hopefully start using it.

Regular Expression Quickstart
A primer for grasping some of the basics of regex, pieced together in an easy-to-read format.

Using Regular Expressions with PHP
A brief overview of how to use regex syntax with PHP.

PHP Freaks: Regular Expressions
A detailed introduction to the basics of regular expressions; the article also describes regex concepts such as metacharacters, greediness, lazy match, pattern modifiers and others.

Introductory Guide to Regular Expressions
A quick guide to the basics of spotting patterns in regex, complete with a simple example of a javascript regular expression with forms.

The Joy of Regular Expressions [1]
This Sitepoint tutorial uses simple examples that don’t include incoherent demo strings like “aabbcc” to show how regex really works. The article covers all of the core concepts like exact matching, positive matching, pattern modifiers and more.

The Joy or Regular Expressions [2]
This second regex tutorial by Sitepoint provides plenty of useful examples like how to find images with .jpg extensions, and even finding xss security holes in your code with regex.

Demystifying Regular Expressions
Regular expressions on the surface appear pretty complex. Not only does the language look rather odd, but it also requires logic beyond just following protocols. This article helps to take away some of the stigma some might have with regex in an easy-to-follow guide with examples.

PHP Regular Expression Examples
Many different code examples for possible uses of regular expressions with PHP. A few that might be helpful: processing credit cards, dates, email addresses, and many more.

Know Your Regular Expressions
IBM has an excellent write-up on how to use regular expressions across UNIX applications.

RegexTools

Regexbuddy

Regexbuddy is a commercial product but if you’re new to regex it may be worth the spend. This software is build in a way that I think makes it great for learning to use regex. Take a look at this demo and see how an e-mail regex is build from scratch and how the tools helps out.

RegExr

Great online flash based regex test tool. I really like it because it works on the entire test text and updates the result in “real time”. There is an Adobe Air version as well and it is quite hot!

Flex 3 Regualr Expression Explorer

This tool provides with popular regular expressions submitted by the community and also lets you try out a regular expression on a test input.

Regular Expression Tester Firefox Plugin

This Firefox plugin offers developers functions for testing their regular expressions. The tool includes options like case sensitive, global and multi line search, color highlighting of found expressions and of special characters, a replacement function incl. backreferences, auto-closing of brackets, testing while writing and saving and managing of expressions.

The Regex Coach

A cross-platform downloadable tool that teaches you about regular expressions in an interactive environment, all from your desktop.

Rubular

An online regular expression tester for the Ruby language.

Notepad++

Notepad++ is much more than just replacement for Notepad. It has a lot of features, such as Syntax Highlighting, Syntax Folding, Auto Completion, Multi Documents tab view, Full Drag and Drop supported, Zoom in and out, Bookmark, Macro Recoding and powerful search feature. Users can have their own custom defined syntax highlighting, and this is among my most favorite feature of Notepad++. It supports search and replace with regular expressions.

Expreso

Expresso is a free award winning regular expression development tool. You can build complex regular expressions by selecting components from a palette and test expressions against real or sample input data. The tool can generate Visual Basic, C#, or C++ code and displays all matches in a tree structure, showing captured groups, and all captures within a group. You can also maintain and expand a library of frequently used regular expressions and use a builder and an analyzer to create and test your expressions. Registration is required.

Related Resources:

• jQuery Plugin for Form Validation – Ketchup!
• Great Useful Portable Software & Application Collection
• Best of jQuery Image Gallery and Slideshow Plugins
• Awesome Free Icon Sets for Web Designers | Great collection
• Great Useful PHP Code Snippets for fast coding

Here are 20+ excellent tutorials that will help wordpress theme developers make better themes and give them an idea of different and unique ways to customize WordPress according to need.

1. Create a Login Form Overlay

Give your users a quick way to login to your WordPress blog in a lightbox window. Quite useful for multi-author blogs or blogs that allow users to login to comment.

2. Add Tweets Related To Your Posts in WordPress

Awesome tutorial on showing tweets related to your posts from twitter timeline. You can specify the tags or keyword in the custom field which will be used to fetch tweets.

3. Create an Awesome WordPress Theme Options Page

This is a two part tutorial on how to create an options page for your WordPress Theme to make it stand out from the crowd.

4. How To Get Custom Field Outside WordPress Loop

Ever thought of using post custom fields outside the WordPress loop, then use the following code to access custom field, simply replace the ‘customfield’ in fourth line with your own custom field.

<?php
global $wp_query;
$postid = $wp_query->post->ID;
echo get_post_meta($postid, 'customField', true);
?>

5. Using Multiple WordPress Loops in Your Theme

Sometimes, you might want to show featured posts before the normal posts or you want or you want to format posts from a particular category in a different way from others, then you will have to use multiple wordpress loops in your theme. Cristian Antohe explains everything you need to know about using multiple WordPress loops in your theme.

6. How To Get First Image from post and display it

In most of the premium like themes, first image of the post is given special attention as thumbnail version of it is used on blog homepage, sometimes a more smaller thumbnail in sidebar or footer alongside post listings. Simply paste this function into your theme’s functions.php file and use the statement <?php echo catch_that_image() ?> in the wordpress loop where you need the first image.

function catch_that_image() {
  global $post, $posts;
  $first_img = '';
  ob_start();
  ob_end_clean();
  $output = preg_match_all('/<img.+src=[\'"]([^\'"]+)[\'"].*>/i', $post->post_content, $matches);
  $first_img = $matches [1] [0];

  if(empty($first_img)){ //Defines a default image
    $first_img = "/images/default.jpg";
  }
  return $first_img;
}

7. How To Use Thumbnails Generated By WordPress in Your Theme

WordPress also creates a thumbnail version of each image you upload inside wordpress post whose size you can alter from Settings > Media in administration panel. Now to use that thumbnail version within your theme, simply use the following code:

<?php
//Get images attached to the post
$args = array(
	'post_type' => 'attachment',
	'post_mime_type' => 'image',
	'numberposts' => -1,
        'order' => 'ASC',
	'post_status' => null,
	'post_parent' => $post->ID
);
$attachments = get_posts($args);
if ($attachments) {
	foreach ($attachments as $attachment) {
		$img = wp_get_attachment_thumb_url( $attachment->ID );
                break;
        }
//Display image
echo '<img src="'.$img.'" alt="something" />';
}
?>

This one is useful if your theme requires only single sized thumbnail version of the first image, if you require multiple thumbnail versions, then use the method specified by 6th point.

8. Display Future Scheduled Posts on Your Blog

Show your readers in advance which posts are you writing and when should they come to see the new post. Add the following code any where in your theme, preferably sidebar to show upcoming scheduled posts.

<h3>Upcoming Posts</h3>
<?php query_posts('showposts=5&post_status=future'); ?>
<?php if ( have_posts() ) : ?>
  <ul>
  <?php while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); ?>
    <li>
        <?php the_title(); ?> <?php edit_post_link('e',' (',')'); ?><br />
	<span class="datetime"><?php the_time('j. F Y'); ?></span>
    </li>
<?php endwhile; ?>
  </ul>
<?php endif; ?>

9. Using Cron to Schedule Events in WordPress

You might sometime need to schedule certain events in wordpress like, daily backup of database, send summary report to blog administrator etc, WordPress has the ability to cater to this need too. Simply paste the following code into functions.php file to create a scheduled event.

if (!wp_next_scheduled('my_task_hook')) {
	wp_schedule_event( time(), 'hourly', 'my_task_hook' );
}

add_action( 'my_task_hook', 'my_task_function' ); 

function my_task_function() {
//code for your scheduled task
	wp_mail('you@yoursite.com', 'Automatic email', 'Hello, this is an automatically scheduled email from WordPress.');
}

10. Separate Comments and Trackbacks in WordPress

This tutorial shows you how to separate comments and trackbacks in the comments section. This tutorial uses comments.php file from WordPress 2.5 or earlier which did not have support for wp_list_comments function. With WordPress 2.7 or later, you can simply pass a parameter to wp_list_comments() function to separate comments and trackbacks. e.g.
Use wp_list_comments('type=comment') to show comments and wp_list_comments('type=pings') to show pings and trackbacks.

11. List All Hooked WordPress Functions

WordPress Hooks are very useful and help developers to customize wordpress the way you want, but some times thing might go wrong and you might want to view all the hooks that are being used, then this tutorial will come handy.

12. Detect Visitor Browser Within WordPress

One of the lesser known features of WordPress is that it provides global variables for browser detection which you can use to customize your theme for different browsers. Here’s a useful function which you can add to your functions.php file that adds browser specific css classes to body tag so that you can control looks for different browsers.

<?php
add_filter('body_class','browser_body_class');
function browser_body_class($classes) {
	global $is_lynx, $is_gecko, $is_IE, $is_opera, $is_NS4, $is_safari, $is_chrome, $is_iphone;

	if($is_lynx) $classes[] = 'lynx';
	elseif($is_gecko) $classes[] = 'gecko';
	elseif($is_opera) $classes[] = 'opera';
	elseif($is_NS4) $classes[] = 'ns4';
	elseif($is_safari) $classes[] = 'safari';
	elseif($is_chrome) $classes[] = 'chrome';
	elseif($is_IE) $classes[] = 'ie';
	else $classes[] = 'unknown';

	if($is_iphone) $classes[] = 'iphone';
	return $classes;
}
?>

13. Get Tags Specific to a Particular Category in WordPress

Wouldn’t it be nice to show tags related to the category of the post instead of showing all the tags and eating up page real estate. Here’s the code that shows only the tags related to a particular category.

<?php
	query_posts('category_name=work');
	if (have_posts()) : while (have_posts()) : the_post();
        $posttags = get_the_tags();
		if ($posttags) {
			foreach($posttags as $tag) {
				$all_tags_arr[] = $tag -> name; //USING JUST $tag MAKING $all_tags_arr A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY, WHICH DOES WORK WITH array_unique
			}
		}
	endwhile; endif; 

	$tags_arr = array_unique($all_tags_arr); //REMOVES DUPLICATES
	echo '<pre>'.print_r($tags_arr, true).'</pre>'; //OUTPUT FINAL TAGS FROM CATEGORY
?>

14. Create Archive Page Using WordPress Loop

This is a nice tutorial from WP-Recipes about how to create an archive page for your blog that lists all the posts without installing any plugin. Simply create a custom page template and paste the given code in it and then create a new blank page with its template set to the one with custom code.

15. Get The Latest Sticky Posts

One of the useful features in WordPress 2.7 or later is the sticky posts, so if you need to output 5 latest sticky posts using WordPress loop, here’s the code:

<?php
$sticky = get_option('sticky_posts');
rsort( $sticky );
$sticky = array_slice( $sticky, 0, 5);
query_posts( array( 'post__in' => $sticky, 'caller_get_posts' => 1 ) );
if (have_posts()) :
    while (have_posts()) : the_post();
        the_title();
        the_excerpt();
    endwhile;
endif;
?>

16. Only Show Posts With a specific Custom Field Value

You might some time need to show posts having a specific custom field value, then use the code below to get posts in the loop.

<?php query_posts('meta_key=[custom field name]&meta_value=[custom field value]');  ?>
<?php if (have_posts()) : ?>
<?php while (have_posts()) : the_post(); ?>
    //display posts
<?php endwhile; endif;
?>

17. Use Multiple Loops on a Page Without printing Duplicate Posts

If you use multiple loops within your theme file, then chances are that some posts might be output by both loops simultaneously. To prevent this, do the following:
When you use loop for first time, record the id’s of posts in an array e.g.

<?php
query_posts('showposts=8');
$ids = array();
while (have_posts()) : the_post();
$ids[] = get_the_ID();
the_title();
the_content();
endwhile;
?>

And when you use the loop next time, modify your query to exclude the post with id’s already displayed by first loop.

<?php
query_posts(array('post__not_in' => $ids));
while (have_posts()) : the_post();
the_title();
the_content();
endwhile;
?>

Source: 10 Useful WordPress Loop Hacks(Smashing Magazine)

18. Displaying Author Meta Information in WordPress 2.8

WordPress 2.8 includes a new function the_author_meta() to display author information easily. This tutorial explains every aspect of the new function. Here’s the sample code to make an author info box like the image, you will need to apply your ow styles.

<div id="authorbox">
   <?php if (function_exists('get_avatar')) { echo get_avatar(get_the_author_meta('user_email'), '80'); }?>
   <div>
      <h4>About <a href="<?php the_author_meta('user_url'); ?>"><?php the_author_meta('display_name'); ?></a></h4>
      <p><?php the_author_meta('description'); ?></p>
   </div>
</div>

19. Make Your Theme Comments Backward Compatible with version 2.7 and earlier

If you design themes for WordPress 2.7 or later, then you might be using wp_list_comments() to show comments but since this function is not supported by earlier functions, you’ll have to use legacy methods to show comments. This tutorial shows you how to make your theme compatible by using different version of comments file depending on the WordPress version.

20. Show Your Latest Tweet in Just 5 Lines of Code

This piece of code is just awsome as it lets you show your latest tweet with no more than 5 lines of code using the twitter search feed. Add this code to functions.php.

function wp_echoTwitter($username){
     include_once(ABSPATH.WPINC.'/rss.php');
     $tweet = fetch_rss("http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=from:" . $username . "&rpp=1");
     echo $tweet->items[0]['atom_content'];
}

To display latest tweet within your theme, use the below line of code, remember to replace username with your own.

<?php wp_echoTwitter('webdevplus'); ?>

21. How To Embed CSS in your posts With Custom Field

If you would like to style a particular post in a different style from the rest, then here’s nice custom field hack from WP-Recipes.
Add the below code to your theme’s header.php file between <head> and </head> tags.

<?php if (is_single()) {
    $css = get_post_meta($post->ID, 'css', true);
    if (!empty($css)) { ?>
        <style type="text/css">
        <?php echo $css; ?>
        <style>
    <?php }
} ?>

Now whenever you want a custom styled post, add a custom field named css to it with its value set to the styles you want to apply.

22. Create Custom User-Defined RSS Feeds

If you are redirecting your feed to feedburner using feedsmith plugin, then it becomes nearly impossible to provide feeds for particular category, but this one is a really nice solution from WP-Recipes that involves creating a custom page template for your custom feed.

23. Guide To Launch Your WordPress Theme

If you develop Free WordPress Themes for community, then you not only need to code and develop it but also, its your job to promote it to the wordpress community. This article from WP Lover guides about how to successfully promote your theme.

Additional Resources

Theme Development Checklist

With theme development checklist, you can keep track of important things to do during theme development and make sure you have completed everything required. Here are two theme development checklists.

• Theme Development Checklist From WordPress Docs
• WordPress Theme Development Checklist From WPToy (Download PDF)

Theme Development Sample Content

Sample content for wordpress helps you test your wordpress theme’s functionality easily and see how different types of content looks in it. To add sample content, simply login to WordPress Dashboard and go to Tools > Import > WordPress.

• Theme Development Sample Content From WordPress Docs
• Sample Content For WordPress Theme Developers – WPCandy

WordPress Template Hierarchy Diagram

WordPress template hierarchy diagram comes handy when you want to know which theme file is used when and which file will be used if a particular theme file is absent. Here’s a nice template hierarchy diagram from WPCandy .

Share your favorite WordPress tutorials or resources in comments below so that this post becomes more useful.

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Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation. The application is available for a wide variety of operating systems, including Unix, GNU, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, Novell NetWare, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, etc.

Apache supports a variety of features, many implemented as compiled modules (mod_xxx) which extend the core functionality. Through modules Apache support:

• Common programming languages like Perl, Python, Tcl, and PHP.
• Security through popular authentication modules like mod_access, mod_auth, mod_digest, and mod_auth_digest
• SSL and TLS support (mod_ssl)
• Proxy using the mod_proxy module (It implements proxying capability for FTP, CONNECT (for SSL), HTTP/0.9, HTTP/1.0, and (as of Apache 1.3.23) HTTP/1.1.)
• Custom log files (mod_log_config), and filtering support (mod_include and mod_ext_filter).
• URL rewriter (also known as a rewrite engine, implemented under mod_rewrite). This is the module we will take a closer look at here.

In this article ResourcesMix.info will show you some really useful Apache Rewrite Techniques and easy to digest introduction to Apache basics.

General notes on Apache configuration

Apache configuration for the virtual hosts is done by specifying directives in the .htaccess (hypertext access) file. The .htaccess file is placed inside the web tree, and is able to override a subset of the server’s global configuration. Don’t forget that .htaccess commands are case-sensitive. The first examples will be intensive on theory to help you understand what is going on.

Caution!

Being a simple configuration file, .htaccess is extremely powerful. Even the slightest syntax error can result in severe server malfunction. It is crucial to make backup copies of everything related to your site (including any original .htaccess files) before following any of the techniques in this article. If you have the possibility to set up a test site it is highly recommended as well to avoid production downtime. It is also important to test your entire website thoroughly after making any changes to your .htaccess file as you may not see an hidden error by loading the website front page. Use your backup if the situation gets messy!

When to use .htaccess

.htaccess files should only be used when the main server configuration file is inaccessible (relevant for most low cost shared hosting services). .htaccess directives provide directory-level configuration without requiring access to Apache’s main server cofiguration file (httpd.conf). However, due to performance and security concerns, the main configuration file should always be used for server directives whenever possible. This is most relevant for really high load web sites where every millisecond counts.

If you have access to httpd.conf it is recommended to define replicate rules for multiple virtual hosts once and only once via your httpd.conf file. Then, simply instruct your target htaccess file(s) to inheret the httpd.conf rules by including this directive:

RewriteOptions Inherit

Prevent Acess to .htaccess

Add the following code block to your htaccess file to add an extra layer of security. Any attempts to access the htaccess file will result in a 403 error message. Of course, your first layer of defense to protect htaccess files involves limiting direct file access by setting htaccess file permissions via CHMOD to 644:

# secure htaccess file
<Files .htaccess>
order allow,deny
deny from all
</Files>

You can use this code to prevent access to other files as well by adding other files at the location of .htaccess.

Commenting .htaccess Code

Comments are essential to maintaining control over any involved portion of code. Comments in .htaccess code are fashioned on a per-line basis, with each line of comments beginning with a pound sign #.

Mod_Rewrite

A rewrite engine is software that modifies a web URL’s appearance (URL rewriting).

Some of the benefits of a rewrite engine are:

• Making website URLs more descriptive to improve user-friendliness and search engine optimization (ex. adding tags and category to urls)
• Preventing undesired “inline linking” (also known as hotlinking, direct linking, offsite image grabs and bandwidth theft). If you’re a blogger and you realise that some of you posts are copies 1-1 on other sites this may be what you need. Preventing images to load or replacing with an image stating “unauthorized image grap” will make your posts less attractive to be copied.
• Not exposing the inner workings of a web site’s address to visitors
• The URLs of pages on the web site can be kept even if the underlying technology used to serve them is changed (ex. changing to a new blogging platform or a new permalink structure)

Turn Mod_Rewrite On

Mod_rewrite is enabled and configured using directives in the .htaccess file for you virtual host. Place the following code at the beginning of your .htaccess file to turn mod_rewrite on:

RewriteEngine on

The Mod_Rewrite Module

This directive is the one doing the work and it can occur more than once. Each directive then defines one single rewriting rule. The definition order of these rules is important, because this order is used when applying the rules at run-time.

The basic format for a mod_rewrite command is:

RewriteRule Pattern Substitution [Flag(s)]

Pattern can be regular expression which gets applied to match the current URL. The URL you redirect to is always relative to the directory in which your .htaccess file is placed.

Substitution of a rewriting rule is the string which is substituted for (or replaces) the original URL for which Pattern matched

More details on patterns, substitutions and available flags here. A few Regex hints included below:

A Basic Redirect example

If you just want to create a simple 301 redirect from one URL to another, then use the following code:

RewriteRule ^therequestedfile.html$ theredirecttofile.html

This is a very basic rule that means any requests for therequestedfile.html will be sent to theredirecttofile.html. If one or both of the files is located in subdirectories this is just added to the pattern and substitution strings.

no “www” redirect (class B)

Class B means that all of the traffic to http://www.yourdomain.com is politely and silently redirected to http://yourdomain.com. From a SEO perspective it is generally a good idea not to allow both www and no-www as incoming traffic and links will be split between the two options. You may as well decide to redirect all http://yourdomain.com to http://www.yourdomain.com being currently the most common approach as far as I know. The rule below can easily be adjusted to do that.

We are going to use RewriteCond and will just give a brief introduction first. The RewriteCond directive defines a rule condition. Precede a RewriteRule directive with one or more RewriteCond directives.

RewriteCond TestString CondPattern [Flag(s)

• RewriteRule (test string) backreferences: These are back-references of the form $N(0 <= N <= 9) which provide access to the grouped parts (parenthesis!) of the pattern from the corresponding RewriteRule directive (the one following the current bunch of RewriteCond directives).RewriteCond backreferences: These are back-references of the form %N
• (1 <= N <= 9) which provide access to the grouped parts (parentheses!) of the pattern from the last matched RewriteCond directive in the current bunch of conditions.RewriteMap expansions: These are expansions of the form ${mapname:key|default}
• Server-Variables: These are variables of the form %{ NAME_OF_VARIABLE }

CondPattern is a standard Extended Regular Expression with some additions. You can prefix the pattern string with a ‘!’ character (exclamation mark) to specify a non-matching pattern

More details on RewriteCond here. Now to the “www” not required rule. It is using a back-reference to a server variable to get access to the domain name requested.

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
#no-www class B redirect rule
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.yourdomain\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://yourdomain.com/$1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>

[NC] is a flag for no case checking. [L] or Last means stop if matched. Interesting reading on [L] here. I have listed available Flags in the bottom of the article. If you are using WordPress you should use the following code.

# BEGIN WordPress
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
#no-www class B redirect rule
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.yourdomain\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://yourdomain.com/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</IfModule>
# END WordPress

Block a Specific IP Address

If you want to block someone coming from a specific IP address from accessing your website, you can use the following code:

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} ^(A\.B\.C\.D)$
RewriteRule ^/* http://www.domain.com/sorry.html [L]
</IfModule>

Replace the A\.B\.C\.D with the IP address you want to block (don’t forget to leave the “\” before each dot, which escapes the character).

User Agent Redirect

To rewrite the Homepage of a site according to the User-Agent: header of the request, you can use the following:

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond  %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}  ^Mozilla.*
RewriteRule  ^/$                 /homepage.max.html  [L]
RewriteCond  %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}  ^Lynx.*
RewriteRule  ^/$                 /homepage.min.html  [L]
RewriteRule  ^/$                 /homepage.std.html  [L]
</IfModule>

Block Specific User Agents

You can block a group of IP addresses using the User Agent back-reference using this code. Just replace the “UserAgent” with the user agent you want to block ^Mozilla.* (not sure that is a good idea though but it can be used to keep the door closed for spambots, search engines etc.!).

RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} UserAgent
RewriteRule .* - [F,L]

[F,L] F, makes everything forbidden and throws a 403 server response. You can also block more than one at a time by using the [OR] flag. I have listed available Flags in the bottom of the article.:

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} UserAgent1 [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} UserAgent2
RewriteRule .* - [F,L]
</IfModule>

Set up a Default Image

In case your site have a broken images a default image rewrite can make your site look more professional. Use the following code to redirect to a default image for any image whose file cannot be found.

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^images/.*\.jpg$ /images/imagereplaced.jpg [L]

‘-f‘ (is regular file). You need to change the “/images/imagereplaced.jpg” bit to the image file you’re planning to use.

Prevent Hotlinking, Serve alternate content

The last thing most website owners want is other sites stealing their content or worse—hotlinking to their images and stealing their bandwidth. This code will help you protect all files of the types included in the last line against hotlinking (add more types as needed):

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www\.)?yourdomain\.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule .*\.(gif|jpg|pgn)$ http://www.yourdomain.com/warning.jpg [R,NC,L]
</IfModule>

RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www\.)?domain.com/ .*$ [NC]
RewriteRule \.(gif|jpg|swf|flv|png)$ /feed/ [R=302,L]

Make sure you change “yourdomain.com” to your own domain name and warning.jpg to the image you will show as alternate content. You may also decide to shoe an error page.

# serve a standard 403 forbidden error page
RewriteRule .*\.(gif|jpg|pgn)$ - [F,L]

To grant linking permission to a site other than yours, insert this code block after the line containing the “yourdomain.com” string.

# allow linking from the following site
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www\.)?externaldomain\.com/.*$ [NC]

Strip Query Strings

Let’s say all the pages on your site other than your home page are formatted as follows, with query strings instead of page names:

http://www.yourdomain.com/somepage.html?querystringparam=somedata

Those aren’t very pretty, and on top of that, search engines will show a bunch of duplicated “home” pages. If you want to get rid of the query string in your page URLs, use the following code:

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} querystringparam=
RewriteRule (.*) http://www.domain.com/$1? [R=301]

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} example=
RewriteRule (.*) http://www.domain.com/$1? [R=301]

This way you will get rid of the query string and the preceding question mark.

Redirect to a Maintenance Page

If you need to take your entire site offline for a bit and redirect to a maintenance page (or some other page), use the following code:

RedirectMatch 302 ^/ /maintenancepage.html

Change the “maintenancepage.html” bit to wherever your maintenance page file is located.

Redirect Multiple Domains to a Single Domain

If you have multiple domains pointing to your site, it’s possible you could take a hit in the search engines for having duplicate content. Use the following code to redirect visitors from two domains to just one:

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.domain.net$ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain.net$ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.domain.net$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://domain.net/$1 [R=301,L]

Remember the Filesystem Always Takes Precedence

The filesystem on your server will always take precedence over the rewritten URL. For example, if you have a directory named “services” and within that directory is a file called “design.html”, you can’t have the URL redirect to “http://domain.com/services”. What happens is that Apache goes into the “services” directory and doesn’t see the rewrite instructions.

To fix this, simply rename your directory (adding an underscore to the beginning or end is a simple way to do that).

Flags:

[F] Forbidden: instructs the server to return a 403 Forbidden to the client.
[L] Last rule: instructs the server to stop rewriting after the preceding directive is processed.
[N] Next: instructs Apache to rerun the rewrite rule until all rewriting directives have been achieved.
[G] Gone: instructs the server to deliver Gone (no longer exists) status message.
[P] Proxy: instructs server to handle requests by mod_proxy
[C] Chain: instructs server to chain the current rule with the previous rule.
[R] Redirect: instructs Apache to issue a redirect, causing the browser to request the rewritten/modified URL.
[NC] No Case: defines any associated argument as case-insensitive. i.e., “NC” = “No Case”.
[PT] Pass Through: instructs mod_rewrite to pass the rewritten URL back to Apache for further processing.
[OR] Or: specifies a logical “or” that ties two expressions together such that either one proving true will cause the associated rule to be applied.
[NE] No Escape: instructs the server to parse output without escaping characters.
[NS] No Subrequest: instructs the server to skip the directive if internal sub-request.
[QSA] Append Query String: directs server to add the query string to the end of the expression (URL).
[S=x] Skip: instructs the server to skip the next “x” number of rules if a match is detected.
[E=variable:value] Environmental Variable: instructs the server to set the environmental variable “variable” to “value”.
[T=MIME-type] Mime Type: declares the mime type of the target resource.

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I have probed the web for the mosthighly recommended and best-selling graphic design related books thatcan inspire and help you as a graphic designer. These books cover manyareas of design, including typography, color theory, layout, designtheory, web design, business and even search engine optimization andmarketing for designers.

These delightful graphic design books will make a great addition to any graphic designer’s library!

1. Graphic Artists Guild Handbook: Pricing & Ethical Guidelines
This is a book you should not do without. It touches on every topic youneed to know about how to be successful as a graphic artist. If youwant experienced and practical advice on anything from setting pricesfor your work on the Internet to how to best manage your clientrelations – this is the book for you.

2. Sagmeister: Made You Look
Daring designer, Stefan Sagmeister, chronicles almost 40 years ofworking in this business in this book. Sagmeister conveys his wit andhumor into these pages, as he tells you his personal adventures.

3. Make It Bigger
This book caters to designers who work with businesses. Read this to beinspired and benefit from the wisdom of years of experience working inthe field of graphic design.

4. About Face: Reviving The Rules Of Typography
Talking about the large topic of typography, About Face, helps younavigate through the world with ease. Many wonderful and successfulexamples of typography are provided in this book.

5. Typographic Design: Form and Communication
This is the fourth edition of a best-selling book. If you want just onebook to help you learn about how to properly typography, it’s thisone. Whether you’re interested in the history of this art, or how itcan be effectively used in this modern-era, this book is chock full ofvaluable information for graphic designers.

6. The Elements of Typographic Style
Author, Robert Bringhurst, has written this book, which uses beautifullanguage to tell the story of how to apply your own artisticsensibility to typography. One treat in this book is the examples offonts in different languages such as Russian and Greek.

7. The Elements of Graphic Design: Space, Unity, Page Architecture, and Type
This book’s author, Alexander W. White, is a strong advocate of whitespace – what you can also call negative space. Many designers feelthe need to clutter things up, but less can be more. Learn how tomaster that idea with this great book.

8. Making and Breaking the Grid: A Graphic Design Layout Workshop
This book focuses on layout. With it, you can comprehensively learn theelements of layout so that you can better use them in your work.

9. Designing with Type: The Essential Guide to Typography (Designing With Type)
A book that’s been around since 1971, this is something that willintroduce you to typography. It offers pointers on how to take intoaccount such things as the feeling of a text, as well as howeffectively it is conveyed in different formats.

10. Meggs’ History of Graphic Design
This offers a wonderful writing up of the history of graphic design. Itmay be of interest to both current graphic designers, and generalartistic-minded people.

11. Graphic Design: A New History
Own this book and learn about graphic design history in a new light.The book talks in-depth of the different times of history incorrelation to what graphic design’s were used.

12. Thinking with Type: A Critical Guide for Designers, Writers, Editors, & Students (Design Briefs)
Author Ellen Lupton has written this wonderful book. The book has threemain sections: letter, text, and grid. Learn the history of each, howtechnology can help you, and then see examples in practice.

13. The Designer’s Toolkit: 500 Grids and Style Sheets: 500 Grids and Style Sheets
As you may have already guessed, this book challenges designers tore-think their idea of how to work within a grid. There are 500 gridand style sheets ready for you to produce your work on and see what youlike.

14. Looking Closer 5: Critical Writings on Graphic Design
This is the fifth and final installment in a series of wonderful books.Within these pages you will find writing on controversial topics thatwill encourage you to think outside of the page, or the screen.

15. How to Think Like a Great Graphic Designer
Learn what you have in common with other graphic designers who haveachieved success. What has helped them overcome obstacles may very wellhelp you as well. This book is full of interviews you will findinvaluable.
16. Seventy-nine Short Essays on Design
The title of the book tells you what you’re getting, right off thebat. Michael Bierut writes with whimsy and a critical eye in this bookthat you are sure to enjoy and be educated from.
17. How To Be a Graphic Designer Without Losing Your Soul
The work of a graphic designer is not easy, and you probably alreadyknow that. Within these160 pages you will discover writing on topicssuch as how to generate ideas when your mind is void of them. Youdon’t want to become a slave to mundane tasks and lose your spark, ifyou feel yourself drifting – reach for this book.

18. LogoLounge 3: 2,000 International Identities by Leading Designers (LogoLounge)
If you’re crazy for logos then this is the book for you. In thisthird installment, you will find a myriad of different logos – 2,000to be exact. Get inspired with this book, and then get designing.

19. Logo Design (Midi Series)
This is a handy reference book on logo design. Students and professionals alike will enjoy this book.

20. Hand Job: A Catalog of Type
Fifty typographers are featured in this book, and what they all have incommon is that they reject technology, and design their fonts by hand.While the title at first can seem shocking to anyone, it will stayshocking to a designer. When’s the last time you reached for a penand paper for your final draft? Maybe next time you will, after readingthis book.

21. UniversalPrinciples of Design: 100 Ways to Enhance Usability, InfluencePerception, Increase Appeal, Make Better Design Decisions, and TeachThrough Design
Well-written, this book is what it claims to be – 100 ways toenhance, influence, increase, teach – you get the idea. It is easy tounderstand and follow, and gives you well-researched briefs on avariety of topics that normally you’d have to read about in severaldifferent books.

22. Adobe Photoshop CS3 Classroom in a Book
Experts that make up the Adobe Creative Team have put together thisbook for you to easily expand your knowledge of the Adobe Photoshopprogram. Learn how to do things better and faster, all from readingthis book.

23. The Adobe Photoshop CS3 Book for Digital Photographers (Voices That Matter)
To have Adobe Photoshop is one thing; to be able to use it is onething, but to be able to use it well is another. And that is especiallytrue when it comes to digital photography. If you want the best tipsand tricks, this book won’t lead you astray.

24. Adobe Illustrator CS3 Classroom in a Book
Master the programs in Adobe Illustrator by using this book as astep-by-stop guide. The Adobe Creative Team will guide you where youneed to go.

25. The Adobe Illustrator CS3 Wow! Book (WOW!)
If you want to be the best with using Adobe’s Illustrator, you needthis book. There are tons of lessons in this book to help you learn newtools. Ever wonder how to take a desaturated image and make it appearto be a color photo? Read and learn.

26. Adobe InDesign CS3 Classroom in a Book
This is a good book for beginners. Make sure to get the second printing, as the first as some typos!

27. HTML, XHTML, and CSS, Sixth Edition (Visual Quickstart Guide)
You should know HTML, and probably XHTML and CSS as well. So learn ithere, with this wonderful book! This is not for advanced students.

28. CSS Mastery: Advanced Web Standards Solutions
Authors Andy Budd, Simon Collison, and Cameron Moll have written theultimate guide to CSS! Learn everything you wanted to know, and more– in this book.

29. Bulletproof Web Design: Improving flexibility and protecting against worst-case scenarios with XHTML and CSS (2nd Edition)
When you build a Web site, you want it to work. This book will help youlearn how to get out all of the kinks and bugs from your site so thatthe widest possible audience can access it without flaws.

30. SEO Book
When you have a Web site, you want traffic. You get that through searchengine optimization (SEO). This is the only book you will ever need tomaster search engine optimization and you can download it!

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“Pen and ink, or line art, goes back to Renaissance literary and scientific books, which were printed using woodcuts to produce illustrations of black lines on white paper. This tutorial continues the evolution of line art, by explaining how to create it using Illustrator” Tutorial page

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